Compliance Tools Library

HR Records Retention Schedule

Look up how long to keep common HR and payroll records under federal law.

Reviewed by theComplianceToolsLibrary Editorial Team · Last updated

⚠ Disclaimer: This tool is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Consult a qualified attorney or HR professional for guidance specific to your situation.
Federal minimum retention periods
Record typeMinimum retentionGoverning law
Payroll records3 yearsFLSA
Records used to compute pay (time cards, schedules, wage rates)2 yearsFLSA
Form I-93 years after hire or 1 year after termination, whichever is laterIRCA
Hiring records (applications, resumes, job ads)1 year (2 years for federal contractors)Title VII / ADA / OFCCP
Personnel and employment-action records1 year from the actionTitle VII / ADA
Payroll data (age-related)3 yearsADEA
FMLA leave records3 yearsFMLA
OSHA 300, 300A, and 301 records5 years following the year coveredOSHA
Employee benefit plan records6 yearsERISA
Employment tax records4 yearsIRS

When more than one law applies to a record, keep it for the longest applicable period. Some states require longer retention than federal law.

Key facts

Payroll records (FLSA)
Keep at least 3 years; supporting wage-computation records 2 years
Form I-9
3 years after hire or 1 year after termination, whichever is later
Hiring/personnel records (Title VII, ADA, ADEA)
Generally at least 1 year from the action
OSHA 300 logs
Keep for 5 years; benefit-plan (ERISA) records 6 years

How long do you keep HR records?

Different federal laws set different minimum retention periods for different records. The FLSA requires keeping payroll records for at least three years and the records used to compute pay (like time cards) for two. Title VII, the ADA, and the ADEA generally require keeping hiring and personnel records for at least a year from the action, and the ADEA requires three years for payroll data.

Other rules layer on top: Form I-9 has its own "three years after hire or one year after termination, whichever is later" rule; OSHA injury logs must be kept five years; and ERISA benefit-plan records six years. When laws overlap, keep the record for the longest applicable period. This tool lists the common ones so you can build a defensible retention schedule.

How to use this tool

  1. 1

    Pick a record type

    Choose the type of HR or payroll record.

  2. 2

    Review the period

    See the minimum federal retention period and the governing law.

  3. 3

    Apply the longest rule

    When multiple laws apply, keep the record for the longest period.

  4. 4

    Calendar destruction

    Schedule secure destruction once the retention period ends.

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Destroying payroll records before the FLSA's three-year minimum.
  • Applying one retention period to every record type.
  • Keeping records indefinitely, increasing risk and storage burden.
  • Forgetting the longer retention rules for federal contractors.

What to do next

  • Build a written retention schedule by record type.
  • Keep records for the longest applicable period when laws overlap.
  • Securely destroy records once retention ends.
  • Calculate I-9 destruction dates with the I-9 Retention Date Calculator.

Sources

Frequently asked questions

How long do I have to keep payroll records?

At least three years under the FLSA, with the records used to compute pay kept for two years.

How long should personnel and hiring records be kept?

Generally at least one year from the personnel action under Title VII, the ADA, and the ADEA.

How long must OSHA injury logs be retained?

OSHA 300, 300A, and 301 records must be kept for five years following the year they cover.

What if more than one retention rule applies?

Keep the record for the longest applicable retention period.

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